No matter where it's held, a funeral is a structured ceremony with a beginning, middle and end. Each is intended to engage the living participants in activities that transform their status within the community, provide mourners with a grieving experience, and celebrate a life well lived. In addition, it's a socially-acceptable way for community members to re-affirm and express their social attachments.
Anthropologists label a funeral as a rite of passage, which affects everyone involved—including the deceased. Their social status changes dramatically, from a contributing living member of the community to one whose contributions are in the past and relegated to memory. But the status of each survivor—the immediate family, most especially—has also changed. In fact, the funeral service can be the start of a defined period of mourning for bereaved family members, marking this transition in a uniquely identifiable way.
It could be said then that a funeral's focus—no matter where, no matter when—lies in acknowledging change. And without a doubt, human beings (as individuals and as a community) have trouble dealing with profound changes like the death of an integral member of the group. Taking this perspective makes it easier to understand the importance of ceremonially acknowledging the tear in the social fabric and the symbolic restoration of its integrity.